Laporan 3 Praktik Jaringan Komputer Dan Sistem Operasi

Laporan 3 

Praktik Jaringan Komputer Dan Sistem Operasi

"subnetting"

 

NORA AFRYANDI
1102135
TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA

A.    Tujuan

1        Mahasiswa di harapkan memahami fungsi dan peranan protocol pada jaringan komputer.

2        Mahasiswa di harapkan mampu melakukan pengalamatan(IP Address) pada komputer jaringan.

3        Mahasiswa dapat melakukan pengaturan Subnetmask pada jaringan local.

4        Mahasiswa dapat memahami fungsi Subnetting pada jaringan komputer.

B.     Alat dan Bahan

1.      Personal Komputer

2.      LAN Card / NIC

3.      Switch / Hub

4.      Kabel Ethernet Straight / Trought

C.    Teori Singkat

Subnet Mask adalah istilah yang mengacu kepada angka biner 32 bit yang digunakan untuk membedakan Network ID dengan Host ID, menunjukkan letak suatu Host, apakah berada di jaringan local atau jaringan luar.

Penggunaan sebuah subnet mask yang disebut Address Masksebagai sebuah nilai 32-bit yang digunakan untuk membedakan network identifier dari host identifier di dalam sebuah alamat IP. Bit-bit subnet mask  yang didefinisikan, adalah sebagai berikut :

·         Semua bit yang ditujukan agar digunakan oleh network identifier diset ke nilai 1

·         Semua bit yang ditujukan agar digunakan olrh host identifier diset ke nilai 0

      Setiap host di dalam sebuah jaringan yang menggunakan TCP/IP membutuhkan sebuah subnet mask meskipun berada di dalam sebuah jaringan dengan satu segmen saja, baik subnet mask default  (yang di gunakan ketika membuat sebuah subnet atau supernet) harus dikonfigurasikan di dalam setiap node TCP/IP.

            Ada dua metode yang dapat digunakan untuk merepresentasikan subnet mask, yakni :

·         Notasi Desimal Bertitik (Dotted Decimal Notation)

      Sebuah subnet mask biasanya diekspresikan didalam notasi desimal bertitik,seperti halnya alamat IP. Setelah semua bit di set sebagai bagian network identifier dan  host identifier ,hasil nilai 32 bit tersebut akan dikonversikan ke notasi Desimal Bertitik. Namun meskipun dipresentasikan sebagai notasi desimal bertitik , subnet mask  bukanlah sebuah alamat IP.

·         Notasi panjang Prefiks Jaringan (Prefix length)

     Cara yang digunakan untuk mempresentasikan sebuah subnet mask :

Kelas alamat	Subnet mask (biner)	Subnet mask (desimal)	Prefix Length
Kelas A	11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000	255.0.0.0	/8
Kelas B	11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000	255.255.0.0	/16
Kelas C	11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000	255.255.255.0	/24

Contoh : Network identifier kelas B dr 138.96.p.p yang memiliki subnet mask 255.255.0.0 dapat dipresentasikan di dalam notasi prefix length sebagai 138.96.0.0/16.

      Karena semua host yang berada di dalam jaringan yang sama menggunakan network identifier yang sama, maka semua host yang berada di dalam jaringan yang sama harus menggunakan network identifier yang sama ,didefinisikan oleh subnet mask yang sama pula.

D.    Langkah Kerja

1.      Siapkan beberapa buah PC yang sudah terpasang NIC, Kabel Ethernet straight-trought dan switch/hub.

2.      Hubungkan masing-masing PC ke switch /hub menggunakan kabel Ethernet 

    Lakukanlah pengaturan IP Address dan Subnet mask masing-masing PC, sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan konfigurasi pada evaluasi dan penugasan dibagian akhir jobsheet 

           Pengaturan dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengklik Control panel à Network Connections 

           Klik kanan gambar diatas, kemudian pilih disable. 

           Kemudian klik kanan lagi , pilih properties

           Klik ganda internet protocol

3.    Langkah selanjuutnya adalah isi IP Address dan Subnet mask.

Contoh à IP : 192.168.0.1 dan Subnet mask : 255.255.255.0

            Klik OK. 

            Kemudian klik dua kali gambar No.1 diatas,maka LAN akan enable.

E.    Analisis Data

Tabel 1

No	Uji Koneksi (ping)		Respon
	dari	ke
1	192.168.1.1	192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
2	192.168.1.2	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
3	192.168.1.3	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
4	192.168.1.4	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
5	192.168.1.5	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
6	192.168.1.6	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form

Tabel 2

No	Uji Koneksi (ping)		Respon
	dari	ke
1	192.168.1.131	192.168.1.132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
2	192.168.1.132	192.168.1. 131 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
3	192.168.1.133	192.168.1. 131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
4	192.168.1.134	192.168.1. 131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
5	192.168.1.135	192.168.1. 131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
6	192.168.1.136	192.168.1. 131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form

Tabel 3, tabel penggabungan 2 jaringan topologi

No	Uji Koneksi (ping)		Respon
	dari	ke
1	192.168.1.1	192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
2	192.168.1.2	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
3	192.168.1.3	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
4	192.168.1.4	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
5	192.168.1.5	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
6	192.168.1.6	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
7	192.168.1.131	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
8	192.168.1.132	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
9	192.168.1.133	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
10	192.168.1.134	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 135 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
11	192.168.1.135	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 136	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
12	192.168.1.136	192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.131 192.168.1. 132 192.168.1. 133 192.168.1. 134 192.168.1. 135	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form

Tabel 4, tabel penggabungan 2 jaringan topologi dengan berbeda subnet mask

No	Uji Koneksi (ping)		Respon
	dari	Ke
1	132.92.122.1 (255.255.0.0)	132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6
2	132.92.122.2 (255.255.0.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6
3	132.92.122.3 (255.255.0.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6
4	132.92.122.4 (255.255.255.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Destination Unreachable Destination Unreachable Destination Unreachable Destination Unreachable Destination Unreachable Destination Unreachable
5	132.92.122.5 (255.255.255.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
6	132.92.122.6 (255.255.255.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
7	132.92.123.1 (255.255.0.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
8	132.92.123.2 (255.255.0.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
9	132.92.123.3 (255.255.0.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
10	132.92.123.4 (255.255.255.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.5 132.92.123.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
11	192.168.1.135	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.123.1 132.92.123.2 132.92.123.3 132.92.123.4 132.92.123.6	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form
12	132.92.123.6 (255.255.255.0)	132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5 132.92.122.6 132.92.122.1 132.92.122.2 132.92.122.3 132.92.122.4 132.92.122.5	Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form Replay Form

F.     Kesimpulan

Syarat jaringan dapat terkoneksi salah satunya memiliki Net Address sama dan Host Address berbeda, saat melakukan proses pingdari IP 132.92.122.3  ke IP 132.92.123.1 terjadi  Destination Host Unreachable yang artinya terjadi proses ping diluar subnet atau dikarenakan alamat yang dituju berada diluar area koneksinya. Subnet mask pada pengalamatan jaringan juga berfungsi untuk mempersempit area koneksi jaringan.